Pithanurga

January 6th, 2009




















Pithanurga

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Crocomela
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Gelechiidae
Genus: Pithanurga

Pithanurga is a genus of moth in the family Gelechiidae.

 This article on a moth of the Gelechiidae family is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithanurga”
Categories: Gelechiidae | Gelechiidae stubs

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10 Weight Loss Plan

Sellers

January 6th, 2009

Sellers may refer to

  • Sellers, South Carolina, a small US town
  • USS Sellers (DDG-11), a US Navy destroyer
  • Sellers (surname), people with the surname Sellers

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Baron Ellenborough

January 6th, 2009


Edward Law,
1st Baron Ellenborough

Baron Ellenborough, of Ellenborough in the County of Cumberland, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1802 for the lawyer, judge and politician Sir Edward Law. He was Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench from 1802 to 1818. His son, the second Baron, notably served as Governor-General of India. In 1844 he was created Viscount Southam, of Southam in the County of Gloucester, and Earl of Ellenborough, in the County of Cumberland. His only son predeceased him and on his death in 1871 the the viscountcy and earldom became extinct.

However, he was succeeded in the barony by his nephew, the third Baron. He was the son of the Hon. Charles Ewan Law, second son of the first Baron. In 1885 he assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Towry (which was that of his father’s mother). On the death of his son, the fourth Baron, this line of the family failed. He was succeeded by his cousin, the fifth Baron. When he died the title passed to his younger brother, the sixth Baron. As of 2007 the title is held by the latter’s grandson, the eighth Baron, who succeeded his father in 1945.

Contents

  • 1 Barons Ellenborough (1802)
  • 2 Earls of Ellenborough (1844)
  • 3 Barons Ellenborough (1802;Reverted)
  • 4 References

Barons Ellenborough (1802)

  • Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough (1750-1818)
  • Edward Law, 2nd Baron Ellenborough (1790-1871) (created Earl of Ellenborough in 1844)

Earls of Ellenborough (1844)

  • Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough (1790-1871)

Barons Ellenborough (1802;Reverted)

  • Charles Edmund Towry-Law, 3rd Baron Ellenborough (1820-1890)
  • Charles Towry Hamilton Towry-Law, 4th Baron Ellenborough (1856-1902)
  • Edward Downes Law, 5th Baron Ellenborough (1841-1915)
  • Cecil Henry Law, 6th Baron Ellenborough (1849-1931)
  • Henry Astell Law, 7th Baron Ellenborough (1889-1945)
  • Richard Edward Cecil Law, 8th Baron Ellenborough (b. 1926)

The Heir Apparent is the present holder’s son Major the Hon. Rupert Edward Henry Law (b. 1955)

The Heir Apparent’s Heir Apparent is his son James Rupert Thomas Law (b. 1983)

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Operation Paperclip

January 6th, 2009

Operation Paperclip (also Project Paperclip) was the code name for the O.S.S.–U.S. Military evacuation of scientists from Nazi Germany, during the terminus and aftermath of World War II. In 1945, the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency was established with direct responsibility for effecting Operation Paperclip.


Group of 104 Operation Paperclip rocket scientists in 1946 at Fort Bliss (35 were at White Sands Proving Grounds) (An imagemap is available at this image’s wikipage)

Many specifics of Operation Paperclip remain highly classified.

Contents

  • 1 Osenberg List
  • 2 Operation Overcast
  • 3 Groups of scientists
  • 4 Related operations
  • 5 Cultural references
  • 6 Key figures
  • 7 See also
  • 8 References and footnotes
  • 9 Further reading

Osenberg List

Following the failure of the German invasion of the Soviet Union (codenamed Operation Barbarossa), the strategic position of Germany was at a disadvantage since German military industries were unprepared for a long war. As a result, Germany began efforts in early 1943 to recall scientists and technical personnel from combat units for use in research and development:

‘Overnight, Ph.D.s were liberated from KP duty, masters of science were recalled from orderly service, mathematicians were hauled out of bakeries, and precision mechanics ceased to be truck drivers.’

Dieter K. Huzel

The recalling first required identifying the men, then tracking them and ascertaining their political correctness and reliability, before being recorded to the Osenberg List, by Werner Osenberg, a University of Hannover engineer-scientist, head of the Wehrforschungsgemeinschaft (Eng: Military Research Association). In March 1945, a Polish laboratory technician found the pieces of the Osenberg List in an improperly flushed toilet. Major Robert B. Staver, U.S.A., Chief of the Jet Propulsion Section of the Research and Intelligence Branch of the U.S. Army Ordnance, London, used the Osenberg List to compile his Black List of scientists to be interrogated, headed by rocket scientist Wernher von Braun.

Operation Overcast

The original, unnamed plan to only interview the rocket scientists changed after Major Staver sent Col. Joel Holmes’s cable to the Pentagon, on 22 May 1945, about the urgency of evacuating the German technicians and their families as “important for Pacific war”. Most of the scientists were at Army Research Center Peenemünde which developed the V-2 rocket and were initially housed with their families in Landshut, Bavaria.

On 19 July 1945, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff designated the handling of the Nazi scientists and their families as Operation Overcast, but when their housing’s nickname, “Camp Overcast”, became common, conversational usage, Operation Overcast was renamed Operation Paperclip in March 1946.

An equally strong reason for these scientific rescues was denying German expertise to the Soviets. For example, in Operation Alsos, nuclear physicist Werner Heisenberg — principal scientist in the German nuclear energy project — was appreciated by Allied intelligence as: ” . . . he was worth more to us than ten divisions of Germans”. Besides rocketeers and nuclear physicists, Allied teams also searched for chemists, medical doctors, and naval weaponeers.

Groups of scientists

In May 1945, the U.S. Navy acquired Dr. Herbert A. Wagner, who worked at Naval Air Station Point Mugu in 1947.

In early August 1945, Colonel Holger Toftoy, chief of the Rocket Branch in the Research and Development Division of Army Ordnance, offered initial one-year contracts to the rocket scientists. After Toftoy agreed to take care of their families, 127 scientists accepted the offer. In September 1945, the first group of seven rocket scientists arrived from Germany at Fort Strong in the US: Wernher von Braun, Erich W. Neubert, Theodor A. Poppel, August Schulze, Eberhard Rees, Wilhelm Jungert and Walter Schwidetzky. In November, December, and February, three subsequent groups of rocket scientists arrived in the US for duty at Fort Bliss and White Sands Proving Grounds as “War Department Special Employees.”:27

In early 1950, U.S. legal residence for some “Paperclip Specialists” was effected through the U.S. Consulate in Ciudad Juárez; from which the scientists legally entered the U.S. :226 In later decades, the wartime activities of some scientists were investigated — Arthur Rudolph was exiled in 1984 and then exonerated by Germany, Georg Rickhey was acquitted of war crimes, and Hubertus Strughold was implicated with Nazi human experimentation.

Eighty-six aeronautical engineers were transferred to Wright Field, which had acquired Nazi aircraft and equipment under Operation Lusty.

The United States Army Signal Corps employed 24 specialists — including physicists Drs. Georg Goubau, Gunter Guttwein, Georg Hass, Horst Kedesdy, and Kurt Levovec; physical chemists Professor Rudolf Brill and Drs. Ernst Baars and Eberhard Both; geophysicist Dr. Helmut Weickmann; technical optician Dr. Gerhard Schwesinger; and electronics engineers Drs. Eduard Gerber, Richard Guenther and Hans Ziegler.

The United States Bureau of Mines employed seven German synthetic fuel scientists in a Fischer-Tropsch chemical plant in Louisiana, Missouri in 1946.

In 1959, ninety-four Operation Paperclip men went to the U.S., including Friedwardt Winterberg, Hans Dolezalek, and Friedrich Wigand. Through 1990, the operation immigrated 1,600 personnel, with the “intellectual reparations” taken by the U.S. and the U.K. (patents and industrial processes) valued at some $10 billion dollars.

Related operations

  • Special Mission V-2 - US operation commanded by Major William Bromley to recover V-2 rocket parts and equipment. Major James P. Hamill, with the aid of the 144th Motor Vehicle Assembly Company, coordinated the shipment of the first trainload of V-2 equipment from Nordhausen to Erfurt. (see also Operation Blossom, Broomstick Scientists, Hermes project, Operations Sandy and Pushover)
  • Operation Backfire - Rocket experiments in the area of Cuxhaven
  • ECLIPSE - unimplemented 1944 plan for post-war operations in Europe that would destroy V-1 and V-2 missiles found by the Air Disarmament Wing.:44
    • Safehaven - US project under ECLIPSE to prevent German researchers from escaping to other countries (e.g., Latin America).
  • JCS Directive 1067/14 - On April 26, 1946, Joint Chiefs of Staff Order 1067 had been issued to General Eisenhower to “preserve from destruction and take under your control records, plans, books, documents, papers, files and scientific, industrial and other information and data belonging to … German organizations engaged in military research.”:185 The U.S. occupation directive stated that German scientists should be detained as needed for intelligence purposes, except for war-criminals.
  • Field Information Agency; Technical (FIAT) - US Army agency for securing the “major, and perhaps only, material reward of victory, namely, the advancement of science and the improvement of production and standards of living in the United Nations by proper exploitation of German methods in these fields.” .:316 FIAT was dissolved in 1947 when operation PAPERCLIP began large scale operations.
  • DUSTBIN (counterpart of ASHCAN) - British-American operation established first in Paris and later in Kransberg Castle outside Frankfurt.:314
  • National Interest/Project 63 - “Project to help former Nazis obtain jobs with Lockheed, Martin Marietta, North American Aviation or other defense contractors during a time when many American engineers in the aircraft industry were being laid off.”
  • Operation Alsos, Operation Big - US efforts to capture German nuclear secrets, equipment and personnel
  • Operation Lusty - US efforts to capture German aeronautical secrets, equipment and personnel
  • Target Intelligence Committee (TICOM) - US project to gather German experts in cryptography.
  • Operation Surgeon - UK operation to deny German aeronautical expertise to the USSR and instead exploit the scientists in order to further British research.
  • APPLEPIE - Project to locate and interrogate key German personnel of RSHA AMT VI and members of the German Army Staff who were knowledgeable about Soviet industrial and economic matters.

Cultural references

  • The title character in the film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is an expatriate Nazi working for the U.S.
  • The X-Files episode “Paper Clip” has several fictional former Nazi scientists.
  • The Good Shepherd is a 2006 film focusing on Operation: Paperclip depicting the competition between the USA and the Soviet Union for German scientists.
  • The novel Space contains a fictionalized account of Operation Paperclip.
  • In the comic book Astro City, the title city was engineered by a former Nazi scientist.
  • In the film The Good German, an American war correspondent discovers aspects of Operation Overcast.
  • The comic book “Ministry of Space” depicts an alternate history in which the British extracted various Nazi rocket scientists before the Americans and used them to create a powerful British space program.
  • Detroit techno music producer Carl Craig released an album under the alias “Paperclip People” in 1996. The album was titled The Secret Tapes Of Doctor Eich.
  • Operation Paperclip is mentioned by the character Neddy Nelson in Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Rant
  • In the second series of Twin Peaks it is reveal that the character Major Briggs, Bobby Briggs father, worked on Operation Paperclip in relation to UFOs.
  • The Area 51 novels feature two characters who are former Nazi scientists recruited by the U.S. for secret research on UFOs.

Key figures

  • Rocketry: (see also List of German rocket scientists in the US): Rudi Beichel, Magnus von Braun, Wernher von Braun, Walter Dornberger, Werner Dahm, Konrad Dannenberg, Kurt H. Debus, Ernst R. G. Eckert, Krafft Arnold Ehricke, Otto Hirschler, Hermann H. Kurzweg, Fritz Mueller, Gerhard Reisig, Georg Rickhey, Arthur Rudolph, Ernst Stuhlinger, Werner Rosinski, Eberhard Rees, Bernhard Tessmann
  • Aeronautics: Alexander Martin Lippisch, Hans von Ohain, Hans Multhopp, Kurt Tank, Willy Messerschmitt
  • Medicine: Walter Schreiber, Kurt Blome, Hubertus Strughold, Hans Antmann (Human factors)
  • Electronics: Hans Ziegler, Kurt Lehovec, Hans Hollmann, Johannes Plendl
  • Intelligence: Reinhard Gehlen

See also

  • Ex-Nazis, ODESSA, Nazi human experimentation, Gernot Zippe
  • Locations in Germany: Peenemünde, Mittelwerk, Mittelbau-Dora, Landshut
  • Locations in the US: Fort Bliss, White Sands Missile Range, Fort Monmouth, Camp Evans, Fort Strong
  • Allen Welsh Dulles
  • Studs Terkel: “The Good War”, Ballantine Books, New York, 1984 pp. 472–9
  • Russian Alsos

References and footnotes

  1. ^ “Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency” (html). U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved on 2008-10-09.
  2. ^ McCleskey, C.; D. Christensen. “Dr. Kurt H. Debus: Launching a Vision” (pdf) p35. Retrieved on 2008-10-07.
  3. ^ a b c Huzel, Dieter K (1960). Peenemünde to Canaveral. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 27,226. 
  4. ^ Forman, Paul; Sánchez-Ron, José Manuel (1996). National Military Establishments and the Advancement of Science and Technology. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 308. http://books.google.com/books?id=6pN_j7PctKYC. 
  5. ^ a b c d e McGovern, James (1964). Crossbow and Overcast. New York: W. Morrow. pp. 100,104,173,207,210,242. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f Ordway, Frederick I, III; Sharpe, Mitchell R (1979). The Rocket Team. Apogee Books Space Series 36. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. pp. 310,313,314,316,325,330,406. ISBN 1894959000. 
  7. ^ Boyne, Walter J. (June 2007). “Project Paperclip” (html), Air Force Association. Retrieved on 17 October 2008. 
    NOTE: Despite an initial effort for secrecy, the rocket scientists were interviewed by the newsmedia in 1946.
  8. ^ Naimark, Norman M (1979). The Russians in Germany; A History of the Soviet Zone of occupation, 1945-1949. Harvard University Press. pp. 207. ISBN 0-674-78406-5. 
  9. ^ a b c d Hunt, Linda (1991). Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990. New York: St.Martin’s Press. pp. 6,21,31,176,204,259. ISBN 0312055102. 
  10. ^ Hunt, Linda (May 23, 1987). “NASA’s Nazis” (html). Literature of the Holocaust.
  11. ^ Walker, Andres. “Project Paperclip: Dark side of the Moon” (html). BBC news. Retrieved on 2008-10-18.
  12. ^ a b “The End of World War II”. (television show, Original Air Date: 2-17-05). A&E. Retrieved on 2007-06-04.
  13. ^ Naimark. 206 (Naimark cites Gimbel, John Science Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany) NOTE:The $10 billion compares to the U.S. annual GDP of $258 billion in 1948 and to the total Marshall plan expenditure (1948-1952) of $13 billion, of which Germany received $1.4 billion (partly as loans).
  14. ^ a b c Ziemke, Earl F (1990). The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany 1944-1946. Washington DC: US Army. pp. 163. http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/wwii/Occ-GY/ch11.htm. 
  15. ^ Cooksley, Peter G (1979). Flying Bomb. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. pp. 44. 
  16. ^ Beyerchen, Alan. “German Scientists and Research Institutions in Allied Occupation Policy”. History of Education Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 3, Special Issue: Educational Policy and Reform in Modern Germany. (Autumn, 1982), pp. 289-299. NOTE: So much of the FIAT information was used for commercial purposes that the office of the Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas let it be known that they wanted the future peace treaty with Germany be phrased so that U.S. industry that made use of the information would be protected from lawsuits.
  17. ^ Buchholz, Dr. Annemarie (2003). “The New Form of Government: Bombocracy” (html). Current Concerns. Retrieved on 2008-10-18.
  18. ^UK ‘fears’ over German scientists” BBC NewsUK 31 March 2006
  19. ^ “List Of Terms, Code Names, Operations, and Other Search Terminology To Assist Review and Identification Activities Required by the Act” (html). U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved on 2008-12-19.

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Newcastle West End F.C.

January 6th, 2009

Newcastle West End
Full name Newcastle West End Football Club
Founded 1882
Dissolved 1892
Ground St James’ Park, Newcastle
(Capacity: Unknown)
1891–92 Northern League
Team colours Team colours Team colours
Team colours
Team colours
Home colours

Newcastle West End Football Club were an English football club which briefly played in the Northern League and the FA Cup in the late 19th century. Their entire history was played out during the Victorian era in Newcastle.

The club are most noted for being one of the two football sides that merged to form Newcastle United in 1892, their shirt has even been revived as United’s away kit on occasions such as the 1995–96 season.

History

The club was formed in August 1882 after local cricket side West End Cricket Club decided to form a footballing section. Originally the club were based at Town Moor cricket ground but after a while of playing there they moved to a football specific ground off the Great North Road in 1885, just a year later in May the club moved again to St James’ Park.

Despite the foundation of The Football League the club did not apply for membership, instead becoming a founding member of the Northern League in 1889–90. The club came agonisingly close to winning the Northern League in their first season, led by prominent figure Tom Watson, the club finished as runners-up on goal difference to Darlington St. Augustine’s.

The same season as their league runners-up spot, West End entered into the FA Cup, reaching the First Round before going out narrowly to Grimsby Town. The club’s league form declined significantly in the following two seasons, where they finished 7th and 8th respectively out of nine. Tom Watson leaving to bitter cross city rivals Newcastle East End is cited as a large reason for the club’s decline and eventual decline into financial woes.

United with East End

Main article: Newcastle United F.C.

Bitter local rivals from across the city, Newcastle East End had a much better financial situation, they had become professional and a limited company. Under heavy financial pressure, West End approached East End looking for a merger. Some of the West End players and backroom staff merged with East End, the ground which West End played at, St James’ Park, became the ground of the club as it was superior to East End’s Chillingham Road.

In December 1892, the club decided to adopt a new name in recognition of the merger, suggested names included Newcastle Rangers, Newcastle City and Newcastle United. The latter name was decided upon signifying Newcastle’s East and West united. The name change was accepted by The Football Association on the 22nd of December, but the name change was not legally constituted as Newcastle United Football Club Co. Ltd. until 6 September 1895.

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Southwold Railway

January 6th, 2009

Southwold Railway
Locale England
Dates of operation 1879–1929
Successor abandoned
Track gauge 3 ft (914 mm)
Length 8½ miles
Headquarters Southwold

The Southwold Railway was a narrow gauge railway line between Halesworth and Southwold in the English county of Suffolk. 8¾ miles (14 km) long, it was built to 3 ft (914 mm) gauge. It opened in 1879 and closed in 1929.

Intermediate stations were at Wenhaston, Blythburgh and Walberswick.

Contents

  • 1 Route
  • 2 Proposed re-establishment of the line
  • 3 Locomotives
  • 4 References
  • 5 See also
  • 6 External links

Route

Southwold Railway
Legend

HBHF

Halesworth (East_Suffolk_Line)

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Halesworth

ueSTR

uexBHF

Wenhaston

ueSTR

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Blythburgh

ueSTR

uexBHF

Walberswick

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Southwold

The route closely followed the River Blyth, with Halesworth and Southwold both on the north side, but the longest section including the intermediate stations on the south side. Although the line closed in 1929, its track was still marked and identified on a 1946 O. S. map, a navigable version of which is accessible in the external links section.

Proposed re-establishment of the line

The Southwold Railway Society, formed in 1994, continues to investigate the possibility of re-instating all or part of the line. An initial proposal to reopen the line along the original route was abandoned after a public consultation process. A planning application for a new line, that followed the original route from Halesworth to Blythburgh and then ran north of the River Blyth to Southwold, was rejected by Suffolk Coastal and Waveney District Councils in 2007. Subsequently the society is considering a smaller restoration project.

Locomotives

Number Name Builder Type Works Number Built Notes
(1) Southwold Sharp Stewart 2-4-0 T 2848 1879 Returned to makers, 1883
1 Southwold Sharp Stewart 2-4-2 T 3913 1893
2 Halesworth Sharp Stewart 2-4-0 T 2849 1879
3 Blyth Sharp Stewart 2-4-0 T 2850 1879
4 Wenhaston Manning Wardle 0-6-2 T 1845 1916

References

  • Kidner, R.W. (1947). English Narrow Gauge Railways (3rd edition ed.). The Oakwood Press. ISBN 0-85361-037-1. 
  • Mitchell, V. and Smith, K. (1984). Branch Line to Southwold. Middleton Press. ISBN 0-90652-015-0. 

See also

  • British narrow gauge railways

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When You Sleep

January 5th, 2009




















When You Sleep

Jump to: navigation, search

When You Sleep may refer to:

  • “When You Sleep”, a song by My Bloody Valentine from their 1991 album Loveless
  • “When You Sleep”, a song by Cake from their 1998 album Prolonging the Magic

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_You_Sleep”
Category: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All disambiguation pages | All article disambiguation pages

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Zack Hexum

January 5th, 2009

Zack Hexum (Born April 28th, 1978) is a Los Angeles based singer-songwriter.

Hexum lists his influences as including Elliott Smith, Nick Drake, Paul McCartney, Todd Rundgren, and Jeff Buckley. Hexum plays both guitar and saxophone.

Hexum’s debut, The Story So Far, was released in 2004 on What Have You Records, the imprint of brother Nick Hexum’s (311) label. The Story So Far was produced by Don Gehman (R.E.M., Bruce Hornsby, John Mellencamp, Pat Green). Hexum also did a soft launch of an EP, Realistic Fantasy, in late 2005, which is currently available at live shows and through his website. In early 2006, “How Many Times,” from Hexum’s full-length release, caught the attention of music execs at Apple Computer, who made it the iTunes Single of the Week.

Hexum graduated from the University of North Texas in 2000, where he studied jazz and performed with the world renowned One O’Clock Lab Band. He then moved to New York City to study saxophone, and lived there for two years before moving to Los Angeles. Hexum has recently played saxophone for Michael Bublé and Dredg.

Hexum has toured with both 311 and Tears for Fears. He has also put together a residency at Hotel Café in Los Angeles called the “Zack Hexum Couples Skate,” where he pairs himself with another emerging artist every Tuesday.

Recent events include Zack Hexum’s accompaning Drake Bell during his 2007 Summer Tour on keyboards, saxophone, guitar, and background vocals. Zack’s most recent album, Open To Close was released December 3, 2007. He enlisted the formidable talents of Mark Dearnley to mix it. Mark worked on “The Story So Far” with Don Gehman, and mixed one of Zack’s all time favorite albums, The English Beat “I Just Can’t Stop it”. Also, he is midst of scoring the film Happy Holidays and has been ghost-writing music for a TV show, which has yet to be named.

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Bonneville 400

January 5th, 2009

The Bonneville400 is a project by BAR Honda to set an official world speed record in a Formula One car, at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, USA. The car is on a BAR-007 chassis in full FIA spec, but with altered wings to reduce drag. It is driven by the BAR test driver Alan van der Merwe.

The goal is to break the 400 km/h (249 mph) mark in both directions. In testing, the car has reached over 410 km/h (255 mph).

The world land speed record was set by Thrust SSC in 1997, at a speed of 1,220 km/h (the speed of sound).

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Quintaglio

January 4th, 2009

The Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy is a series of award-winning novels written by acclaimed Canadian science fiction author, Robert J. Sawyer. The books depict an Earth-like world on a moon which orbits a gas giant, inhabited by a species of highly evolved, sentient Tyrannosaurs, among various other creatures from the late cretaceous period, imported to this moon by aliens 65 million years prior to the story. The series consists of three books: Far-Seer, Fossil Hunter, and Foreigner.

Contents

  • 1 The Trilogy
  • 2 The Quintaglios
    • 2.1 Biology
      • 2.1.1 Evolution
      • 2.1.2 Physiology and comparison to Tyrannosaurs
    • 2.2 Culture
      • 2.2.1 Lifestyle
      • 2.2.2 Religion and tradition
      • 2.2.3 Territoriality and Dagamant
      • 2.2.4 Technology
  • 3 The Others
  • 4 Character histories
    • 4.1 Main Characters
  • 5 The World of the Quintaglios
    • 5.1 Geography
    • 5.2 Featured Dinosaurs and other Creatures
  • 6 Themes and Allegory
  • 7 Reception
  • 8 References
  • 9 See also
  • 10 External links

The Trilogy

Cover Title Year ISBN
Far-Seer 1992 ISBN 0-441-22551-9

Far-Seer is the first book in the Quintaglio Ascension.

Sixty-five million years ago, aliens transplanted Earth’s dinosaurs to another world. Now, intelligent saurians — the Quintaglio — have emerged. Afsan, the Quintaglio counterpart of Galileo, must convince his people of the truth about their place in the universe before astronomical forces rip the dinosaurs’ new home apart.

Fossil Hunter 1993 ISBN 0-765-30793-4

Fossil Hunter is the second book in the series.

Toroca, a Quintaglio geologist (and son of Afsan, from the previous book), is under attack for his controversial theory of evolution. But the origins of his people turn out to be more complex then he ever imagined, for he soon discovers the wreckage of an ancient starship — a relic of the aliens who transplanted Earth’s dinosaurs to this solar system. Now Toroca must convince Emperor Dybo that evolution is true; otherwise, the territorial violence inherited from their Tyrannosaur ancestors will destroy the last survivors of Earth’s prehistoric past.

Meanwhile, Emperor Dybo’s rule is challenged by his brother Dy-Rodlox, lord of Edz-Toolar.

Foreigner 1994 ISBN 0-765-30793-4

Foreigner is the final book in the series.

In Far-Seer and Fossil Hunter, we met the Quintaglios, a race of intelligent dinosaurs and learned the threat to their very existence. Now they must quickly advance from a culture equivalent to our Renaissance to the point where they can leave their world.

While the Quintaglios rush to develop space travel, the discovery of a second species of intelligent dinosaurs rocks their most fundamental beliefs. Meanwhile, blind Afsan — the Quintaglio Galileo — undergoes the newfangled treatment of psychoanalysis, throwing everything he thought he knew about his people into a startling new light.

The Quintaglios

The Quintaglio are a fictional species of sentient theropods which first appeared in Robert J. Sawyer’s short story “Uphill Climb”, and later on starred in his Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy. Descended from earth’s dinosaurs, (specifically, Tyrannosaurs), they live on a moon orbiting a gas giant that they refer to as “The Face of God”.

Biology

Evolution

As stated above, Quintaglios are Tyrannosaurs. It is stated in Fossil Hunter that they’re directly descended from Nanotyrannus, (although debate among paleontologists since the series’ initial creation suggests Nanotyrannus might simply be a juvenile form of Tyrannosaurus rex; if so, that species would be the Quintaglio’s true direct ancestor.) Isolation on the Quintaglio Moon (along with some genetic modifications to their Tyrannosaur ancestors by the aliens that transplanted them there to push them in the right direction), ensured that one day they would evolve into a sentient species. 65 million years later, they did, and the Quintaglio race emerged.

Physiology and comparison to Tyrannosaurs

Quintaglios resemble miniature Tyrannosaurs, and share many features in common with their ancestors. They eat only meat, and have massive heads with jaws filled with rows of sharp, serrated teeth. They have short, muscular necks, stocky torsos, solid black forward-facing eyes, thick muscular tails, and powerful hind legs ending with three birdlike talons.

However, due the 65 million years they’ve had to evolve, Quintaglios vary from tyrannosaurs in several significant ways. Tyrannosaurs have very stubby forelimbs, with only two visible fingers. Quintaglios, on the other hand, have longer, more well developed arms with dexterous five-fingered hands, (four fingers and an opposable digit) similar to a human, (unlike humans, though, most Quintaglios are left-handed). The fingers terminate in curved, retractable claws, which can be extended when the Quintaglio is threatened, (though they are capable of extending and retracting them at will). They are much smaller than a Tyrannosaur, although still large; an old adult Quintaglio standing about 8 feet (2.4 m) high. Rather than standing with their backs parallel to the ground like a normal theropod, they usually maintain a semi-erect posture, although while running they do stoop forward into a traditional theropod-like stance. They are far more intelligent then their ancestors, (apparently surpassing humans in intelligence).

While they are indeed dinosaurs, Quintaglios possess a variety of traits that are more reminiscent of lizards. They are capable of limited regeneration; a Quintaglio can grow back a severed limb or tail, although complex, vital structures such as organs cannot be grown back. Male Quintaglios possess a dewlap sack on their throats, similar to a frog’s or those on some types of birds, which they can inflate with air when they’re sexually aroused or in “dagamant”. Quintaglios continue to grow throughout their entire lives, like crocodiles, although their growth rate slows with age. Similar to certain lizards, Quintaglios have a small salt-secretion gland beneath the surface of the muzzle, but the opening for it is simply a very tiny hole halfway down the side of the muzzle. Except in an extreme close-up view, it would be all but invisible.

Quintaglio hide is tough and leathery. As humans have lost most body hair, Quintaglios have lost most scales and scutes, but these may be present in individuals. Quintaglio skin is almost entirely green, although it may be freckled, mottled, or splotched with brown or yellow in some individuals, and with black in old individuals. Oddly enough, Quintaglios cannot lie; their muzzles turn blue when they say something untrue, and for this reason the colour blue is reviled among Quintaglios as “The Liars Tint”. Those who can lie without their muzzles turning blue are called called demons or “Aug-Ta-Rot”, which literally means “Those who can lie in the light of day”, and though there exist Quintaglios capable of doing so, this is not widely known, and Aug-Ta-Rot are believed to exist only in mythology.

Culture

Lifestyle

Quintaglios are exclusively carnivorous, like their Tyrannosaur ancestors. They bring down larger prey by hunting in packs. While they are advanced enough to use weapons to kill prey, their culture forbids it; Quintaglios hunt the old fashioned way, running prey down and dispatching it via tooth and claw. Quintaglio hunts are led by special female Quintaglios who perpetually emit the pheromones characteristic of being in heat.

Quintaglios live a mostly nomadic lifestyle, travelling in packs and following herds of animals. They set up camp for a short while, then move on so that prey can repopulate extensively hunted areas. Quintaglio population density is kept fairly low for this reason, and also due to the culling of egglings by the bloodpriests.

Quintaglios are sparsely clad, and wear little clothing beyond simple sashes, hats, belts and jewellery. Priests, however, wear robes; junior priests wear robes of black and red, senior priests wear colourful, banded robes coloured like The Face of God (these are changed to white robes after Far-Seer), and Bloodpriests wear purple robes.

Religion and tradition

Quintaglios are a very religious people. Their original creation myth tells of a god who laid the “Eight Eggs of Creation”. From the first egg came all the water, and from the second came the land. From the third came all the air, and from the fourth came the sun. From the fifth came the stars, planets and moons, and from the sixth came all the plants. Finally, from the seventh came all the herbivores (Ceratopsians, Ankylosaurs, Sauropods and Hadrosaurs, among others), and from the eighth and final egg came the carnivores which preyed upon them, (Tyrannosaurs, Ornithomimids and Dromaeosaurids, among others.) God created the five original female hunters by biting off her left arm, each of her fingers becoming a Quintaglio. They wished to create as God did, so she bit off her right arm and these became the first males, the mates of the original hunters.

Quintaglio tradition states that a Quintaglio must go on at least one proper hunt in their life in order to go through the rites of passage. After a successful hunt, the Quintaglio gets a hunting tattoo which symbolises their passage into adulthood. Adults with no hunting tattoo are accorded no status at all.

The Quintaglio mythos was further expanded when roughly 150 years prior to the story, the Quintaglio prophet “Larsk” discovered what he believed to be the face of God, and a religion was built around the worship of The Face of God. Larsk’s descendants became the Royal Family, and rule all of land. Dy-Dybo, former Prince and current Emperor, is a part of the Royal Family and a direct descendant of Larsk. This religion adds a new tradition to Quintaglio society; that of sailing across the ocean to retrace Larsk’s voyage and gaze upon The Face of God. The story of the first book in the series revolves around Afsan (the main character), discrediting this notion while on one of these voyages, and challenging Quintaglio tradition by proving that the Face of God was nothing more than a planet.

There also exists a cult known as the Lubalites. This cult is based around the worship of the original five hunters, particularly Lubal, and rejects the notion that The Face of God is actually God, adhering more closely to the original creation myths set forth in the sacred scrolls. Worship of the original five was banned by Larsk, but after Far-Seer the Larskian faith is discredited and the Lubalites are free to engage in worship of the original five without persecution.

A special order in the Quintaglio Priesthood are known as the “Halpataars”, or “Bloodpriests”. In order to prevent overpopulation, a Bloodpriest is assigned to devour seven out of every eight Quintaglio hatchlings a day after they hatch. The Bloodpriest first goes into a trance, then dons a purple robe and enters the nest; there, he chases the hatchlings and eats all but the fastest, strongest one. The order of the Bloodpriests is exclusively male; the original Bloodpriest was Mekt, one of the original five hunters, but she passed on the tradition to males because she felt it was inappropriate for one who lays eggs to dispatch hatchlings.

In Foreigner, it is decided to end the tradition of killing hatchlings and instead just not allowing seven out of the eight eggs to hatch. This decision came after it was proven that the Bloodpriests’ tradition was actually psychologically scarring the survivor and causing increased territoriality. It was also decided that the survivor should be chosen randomly in order to increase the variability of the population.

Territoriality and Dagamant

While Quintaglios consider themselves to be civilised beings, deep down their thoughts and actions are ruled by their primal, territorial instincts. Quintaglios hate physical contact with one another, value their privacy and have a wide circumference of personal space. Spending too much time in the company of others, or extended time in close quarters with other Quintaglios can cause them to enter an animalistic frenzy known as Dagamant.

When a Quintaglio is in dagamant, he or she will bob their torsos up and down, and males will inflate their dewlap sacks. A Quintaglio under dagamant loses all conscious control over their actions, and will attack with unrelenting viciousness and bloodlust until it wears off or one or both are killed; for this reason, to kill another while in dagamant is not considered murder by Quintaglios.

Seeing a Quintaglio in dagamant can trigger it in others- in overpopulated areas, or on crowded ships, “Mass Dagamant” has been known to occur. The books frequently refer to a past event of a Mass Dagamant aboard the ship Galadoreter, in which the entire crew went into a territorial frenzy and everybody on board was killed.

Some Quintaglios are exempt from dagamant; Toroca, Afsan’s son, has a subdued territorial instinct, and it is implied that Dybo is less susceptible to it as well, although not entirely. However, this is extremely rare, and nearly all other Quintaglios have the territorial instinct.

Even Afsan himself, among the most level-headed and rational of Quintaglios, had killed while under the madness of dagamant, not once, but twice; the first time was in Far-Seer, aboard the Dashater, where he and Dybo were challenged by a sailor named Nor-Gampar in full dagamant; Afsan killed Gampar and nearly attacked Dybo before coming to his senses. The second time was during the mass dagamant caused by the bloodpriest repute in Fossil Hunter, and he killed Rodlox’s aide Pod-Oro.

Technology

Quintaglios have a level of technology comparable to our own Renaissance. They have sailing ships, and electricity hasn’t been discovered yet, nor have fossil fuels or solar power. The telescope and the microscope are recent inventions and modern-style medicine is in its infancy. Aviation is also in its infancy, and haven’t gotten more advanced then gliders yet. Thanks to Afsan and Toroca, Quintaglios are also aware of the solar system and evolution. Buildings are made out of stone or mud, and not much attention is given to them; due to frequent earthquakes, structures rarely stand for very long. Quintaglios have no firearms, and due to their laws and customs pertaining to using weapons to kill food it is highly unlikely that they ever will.

In the epilogue at the end of Foreigner, the Quintaglio’s technological prowess has increased dramatically due to new technology recovered from the ancient alien spaceship. The Quintaglios have apparently achieved spaceflight, built computers and set up temporary colonies on nearby moons. They are on their way to colonising new worlds, and it is implied that they are on their way to Earth.

The Others

In Foreigner, a second species of sentient theropods is discovered on an archipelago on the other side of the world; they are simply known as “The Others”. They are similar to the Quintaglios, but lack dewlaps, are yellow with grey highlights, and are smaller in stature.

Character histories

The following is a list of the main and secondary characters featured in the books.

Main Characters

  • Sal-Afsan: The Main character of the series. He was the apprentice astrologer to the court astrologer, Tak Saleed. Afsan is described as being thin for a Quintaglio; ironically, the name Afsan means “Meaty thighbone”. Afsan is a mathematical Genius- as a child; he never had any problem solving puzzles set forth by his teaching master. Afsan is open minded, inquisitive, and rational; the necessary qualities for a good scientist.

On his pilgrimage, Afsan discovers that the Face of God is just a planet, and also discovers that their world is a moon that orbits it; furthermore, the Quintaglio moon is too close to the planet, and that it causes stresses that will one day reduce it to a ring of rubble surrounding the planet. When he declares his findings, he is met with opposition from the Master of the Faith, Det Yenalb, and is blinded as punishment for his “heresy”.

Afsan’s ability to keep a level headed, strategic perspective has also made him an expert hunter. His kills were few, but memorable and dramatic- on his first hunt, he killed the biggest Sauropod ever seen, slew the water serpent Kal-Ta-Goot during his pilgrimage, and single handedly killed a Fangjaw on his trip back to capital city. It is this hunting prowess, as well as his proclamation of the end of the world, that caused the Lubalites (practitioners of the Cult of the Original Five Hunters) to believe that he is “The One” foretold in their ancient prophecy.

Afsan also mated with Wab-Novato, and produced a clutch of eight eggs with her. Their egglings were spared the culling of the bloodpriests because the Lubalites believed Afsan was The One, and so would not eat them. Afsan’s son, Toroca, is a prominent character in Fossil Hunter and Foreigner.

In the second book, Afsan is made Dybo’s court astrologer, and is given a “Seeing Eye” Goanna named “Gork” by his aide, former palace butcher Pal-Cadool. Though Afsan is now blind, this doesn’t stop him from trying to track down a murderer when his children start to get killed off one-by-one. He also proposes a solution for Emperor Dy-Dybo when his Brother, Dy-Rodlox, challenges him for position of Emperor.

In the beginning of the third book, he suffers an accident which nearly kills him, but as a result he regenerates his eyes; however, he is still blind, despite having eyes that are physically fully functional. Afsan undergoes extensive psychoanalysis with Nav-Mokleb to try and solve this problem. Afsan is mortally wounded by a gunshot wound during a confrontation with “The Others”. He lives long enough for his eyesight to come back, and he says goodbye to his friends and loved ones before his death.

In the epilogue of Foreigner, Afsan is long dead, but a computer emulating his exact thoughts and mannerisms has been built. It journeys with the last of the Quintaglios to return to their original home; Earth.

  • Tak-Saleed: Afsan’s mentor and the former court astrologer under Empress Len-Lends. He is a gruff, crotchety, ancient Quintaglio, and creche-mate of Var-Keenir. He went through seven apprentice astrologers before he took on Afsan.
  • Dy-Dybo: Former prince, now the Emperor of all of Land, and Afsan’s close friend. Despite not being the fastest or the strongest of Lends’ egglings, he nevertheless became the greatest ruler the Quintaglio race has ever seen. He has a good sense of humour, and a legendary appetite. In Fossil Hunter, a political scandal concerning his legitimacy as Emperor is one of the main plot threads.
  • Wab-Navato: Inventor of the Far Seer, she and Afsan mated and laid eight eggs together.
  • Pal-Cadool: The palace butcher- also a Lubalite and, later, an aide to Afsan.
  • Var-Keenir: The captain of the Dasheter. He starts off as a cold, Captain Ahab-like character, obsessed with hunting the Elasmosaur Kal-Ta-Goot. After this event he mellows and becomes a warmer character and a close friend of Afsan.
  • Det-Yenalb: The Antagonist of the first book. He attempted to have Afsan executed, for he saw him and his ideas as a threat to Quintaglio civilisation. Yenalb dies in battle against Pal-Cadool.
  • Kee-Toroca: Afsan’s son, and the protagonist of the second book. He is a geologist, and eventually becomes the Quintaglio version of Charles Darwin when he formulates a theory of natural selection.
  • Wab-Babnol: Toroca’s love interest, and a member of the Geological Survey team. She was born with a prominent horn on the tip of her snout, a physical feature which causes her great embarrassment.
  • Dy-Rodlox: The antagonist of the second book. The lord of Edz’Toolar, he is powerful and aggressive, and is the strongest of Lends’ offspring. He believes he was meant to be the true emperor, not Dybo, and challenges him for his right to rule.
  • Nav-Mokelb: An important character in the third book, she is the inventor of psychoanalysis, and her studies eventually reveal the startling truth behind the Quintaglio territorial impulse. She is also noteworthy for being one the minority of females constantly emitting sex pheromones, though she was ineligible to be a huntress (the usual profession of such females) due to a debilitating childhood injury.

The World of the Quintaglios

Geography

The Quintaglios live on a moon, that orbits around a gas giant called “Galatjaroob”, which means “The Face of God”. The moon is mostly covered by water, but has a single huge continent on the far side, a small archipelago of islands on the other, and a southern and northern ice cap. The continent the Quintaglios live on is called simply called “Land”, and is split up into provinces. There are eight provinces, and they are called, (from west to east)

  • Jam’Toolar
  • Fra’Toolar
  • Arj’Toolar
  • Chu’Toolar
  • Mar’Toolar
  • Edz’Toolar
  • Kev’Toolar
  • Capital

Capital City lies on the far eastern end of land, in the shadow of the Ch’Mar volcanoes. It is where most of the action takes place. Arj’Toolar is Afsan’s home province.

Featured Dinosaurs and other Creatures

In addition to Quintaglios, many other creatures inhabit the Quintaglio Moon. All originally came from earth. Some have remained pretty much unchanged since the Cretaceous period, whereas others have evolved since then into completely new species. There are no mammals on the Quintaglio moon, and birds are extinct. Following is a list and a brief description of creatures known to inhabit the Quintaglio moon, first with the Quintaglio term and then the human one.

  • Shovelmouth (Hadrosaurs): Large, duckbilled dinosaurs, they are hunted as food by Quintaglios and occasionally used as beasts-of-burden. Despite having stringy meat, they form the staple of the Quintaglio diet. Corythosaurus, Parasaurolophus and Lambeosaurus are seen (although the latter is apparently extinct) as well as completely new varieties of shovelmouth/hadrosaur, including one with a three-pointed crest and a breed from Arj’Toolar that is orange with blue stripes, and reportedly the tastiest kind of all.
  • Armourback (Ankylosaurs): A few Armourbacks are seen and mentioned in passing. They are noted as being extremely difficult to kill. The Lubalites and Palace staff use a few Armourbacks as riding mounts during the final battle in Far-Seer, and the Quintaglio version of the Turtles all the way down story substitutes turtles with armourbacks. Mekt, one of the Original Five and the first bloodpriest, apparently killed an Armourback.
  • Hornface (Ceratopsians): Hunted as food and occasionally domesticated by Quintaglios. Three species are confirmed to exist. The most commonly seen variety are “Triple Hornface” (Triceratops), but “Spikefrills” (Styracosaurus) and “Boss-Nosed Hornface” (Pachyrhinosaurus) are also depicted. Einiosaurus is also mentioned but like the Lambeosaurus is apparently extinct. A Triple Hornface apparently killed Lubal, one of the Original Five. Det-Yenalb rides a Spikefrill in the final battle in Far-Seer, and Lub-Galpook (Afsan’s daughter and hunt leader) brings along a caravan of Boss-Nosed Hornfaces to act as beasts of burden during the capture of a Blackdeath.
  • Thunderbeast (Sauropods, possibly Alamosaurus): Thunderbeasts are the biggest herbivores living on the Quintaglio Moon. Afsan’s hunting party went after a staggeringly huge one on Afsan’s first hunt, and he made a big impression by being the one to actually kill it, by climbing all the way up its neck and biting out its throat.
  • Runningbeast (Ornithomimus): The fastest creatures in all of land, they are used by Quintaglios like horses. Two varieties exist; a green type and a beige type. Afsan rides one on his trip back to the capital.
  • Fangjaw: Fangjaws are unique to the Quintaglio moon, a fleet footed, quadrupedal, carnivorous dinosaur that evolved from an unspecified theropod species. They have elongated jaws with two big teeth sticking up from the lower jaw, and apparently hunt Thunderbeasts, Shovelmouths and Runningbeasts. Afsan killed one on his last hunt before being blinded, impressing everybody by managing to bring one down on his first try.
  • Wingfinger (Pterosaurs): Because birds are extinct on the Quintaglio Moon, the Pterosaurs (which were in decline at the end of the Cretaceous) were able to rule the skies of the dinosaurs’ new home unchallenged, and evolved into a huge variety of new species. The Quintaglio’s southern ice-cap is inhabited exclusively by Pterosaurs, which have evolved since then into completely new creatures, such as “Divers” (pterosaurs similar to Penguins) and “Stilts”, (a bizarre Pterosaur derivative which uses its long arms like legs.) It is the Pterosaurs of the South Pole that give Toroca his idea of evolution.
  • Fish Lizard (Ichthyosaurs): Fish lizards inhabit the seas of the Quintaglio moon. Baby ones are often hauled aboard and eaten on sailing trips, (the dorsal fin and the tail are apparently the best parts). Toroca fights an adult Fish Lizard when swimming back to the Dasheter from the Others’ archipelago.
  • Kal-Ta-Goot/Water Serpent (Elasmosaurus): A single Elasmosaur is seen the first book, Far-Seer. Its name is Kal-Ta-Goot. In a sub-plot remarkably similar to (and probably a reference to) Moby-Dick, Captain Var-Keenir is obsessed with killing it after it bites off his tail in an encounter prior to the story. Afsan is the one who kills the creature in the end. As Kal is the only Elasmosaur seen or referenced to in the book, it is unknown whether Kal-Ta-Goot is the name of the species or the individual elasmosaur Keenir was obsessed with killing. If not for Keenir’s obsession with Kal, the Dasheter never would have gone out of sight of The Face of God, and Afsan would never have been able to sail across the entire ocean and prove the world was round.
  • Terrorclaw (Deinonychus): They are never seen, although an event mentioned in-passing has Novato apparently having a kill of hers stolen by a pack of Terrorclaws and she escapes from them by climbing up a tree.
  • Blackdeath (Tyrannosaurus rex): The Apex predator on the Quintaglio Moon, they are named so after their pitch black hide. The males possess a dewlap sack, same as Quintaglios do. Blackdeaths are impossible for a Quintaglio to kill without the aid of weapons, which Quintaglio custom forbids, thus they are completely inaccessible as prey. However, Lub-Galpook’s hunting party is able to capture one alive. Emperor Dy-Dybo, Dy-Rodlox and the other apprentice governors are forced to fight the same Blackdeath in an arena at the end of Fossil Hunter, to repay their exemption from the culling of the Bloodpriests, where it manages to kill all of them except for Dybo and Spenress. A Blackdeath also takes the place of the Giant in “Rewdan and the Vine”, the Quintaglio version of Jack and the Beanstalk.
  • Lizards (A goanna named “Gork” becomes Afsan’s pet and “Seeing Eye” lizard after he is blinded by Yenalb.)
  • Frogs
  • Salamanders
  • Snakes
  • Turtles
  • Alligators
  • Fish
  • Sharks
  • Insects
  • The Others. A race of sentient dinosaurs discovered in Foreigner, similar to the Quintaglios, though of a different species.
  • Jijaki. The Jijaki are an advanced alien species descended from Opabinia, transplanted to another world. The Jijaki spread life throughout the universe, seeding many species, including the Quintaglios themselves. The Jijaki went extinct millions of years prior to the story.

Themes and Allegory

The Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy is intended to be an allegory to our own Age of enlightenment. Each book features a Quintaglio equivalent to a prominent human thinker. Sal-Afsan is a Quintaglio version of Galileo, his son Toroca is the Quintaglio equivalent to Charles Darwin, and Mokleb is a Quintaglio Sigmund Freud.

The Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy has an underlying theme of standing up for the truth in the face of overwhelming opposition, of dedication to a cause no matter what. It champions new, innovative ideas overcoming fundamentalist dogma, of rationality overcoming mysticism. These themes are explored in other books by Robert J. Sawyer.

Reception

The Quintaglio Ascension Trilogy has generally been very well received; the Toronto Star called Far-Seer “One of the year’s outstanding SF books”", Far-Seer, Fossil Hunter and Foreigner consistently receive four- to five-star ratings in user reviews on amazon.com, and both Far-Seer and Fossil Hunter received Homer awards for “Best Novel” during their initial release dates. The books have been praised for their creativity, endearing characters, and social relevance. Sawyer has remarked in his short story anthology Iterations that the Quintaglio Ascension has generated the most fan-mail for anything he has written.

However, the series has received some negative criticism. Some reviewers have said that the Quintaglios act too human, while others point out the implausibility of a technological civilisation developing from a nomadic hunting society. Sawyer defends his work by stating that the human-like behavior of the Quintaglios was necessary for readers to connect with the characters, and that agriculture isn’t necessarily a pre-requisite for a developed civilisation, (a point that he goes into greater detail with in his Neanderthal Parallax trilogy.)

References

  1. ^ a b Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: FAR-SEER Index
  2. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Notes for the Far-Seer Cover Artist
  3. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Map of Land
  4. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Writing the Quintaglio Ascension
  5. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: FOSSIL HUNTER Index
  6. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: FOREIGNER Index
  7. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Themes
  8. ^ The Toronto Star: “Without question, Far-Seer will be remembered as one of the year’s outstanding sf books.”
  9. ^ Amazon.com: Far-Seer: Book One of the Quintaglio Ascension (The Quintaglio Trilogy): Robert J. Sawyer: Books
  10. ^ Charles de Lint in The Journal of Canadian Content in Speculative Literature: “A cracking good yarn. Here’s your chance to get in on the ground floor of a series that promises to deliver something truly different.”
  11. ^ Quill & Quire: Canada’s Magazine of Book News and Reviews (Toronto) (starred review “indicating a book of exceptional merit”): “The characterization is brilliant, the plotting enviable, and the narrative technique tight and fast-paced. This is a completely successful novel that should be read by science fiction fans, by those who no longer read science fiction, and by those who never have. Fossil Hunter, like Far-Seer before it, is not just wonderful SF; it’s wonderful fiction.”
  12. ^ SFRA Review: “Exciting, amusing — much more than an adventure tale. Crucial to the plot is Afsan’s struggles to find the truth of his own destiny and his questioning of the role of science in countering religious dogma.”
  13. ^ Robert J. Sawyer, Iterations, page 97: “”I eventually wrote a trilogy of novels about these beings -books which to this day generate the most fan mail of anything I’ve ever done.”
  14. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Are the Quintaglios Too Human?
  15. ^ Science Fiction Writer Robert J. Sawyer: Are the Quintaglios Too Clever?

See also

  • Uphill Climb
  • Robert J. Sawyer

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